Seroprevalence and factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among education workers after the first wave: the first cross-sectional study in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The school community was heavily impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic, especially with the long time of school closures. This study aimed to analyze the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and possible factors associated with seropositivity for COVID-19 in teachers and other school staff, and to estimate the fraction of asymptomatic individuals by sex and age group. METHODS: We conducted a serological survey of SARS-CoV-2 infections. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Fortaleza, Brazil. Teachers and other staff members from pre-schools to universities of higher education to were investigated. RESULTS: A total of 1,901 professionals participated in the study, of which 1,021 were staff and 880 were teachers. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was 8.0% (152/1901). In the seropositive group, 48.3% were asymptomatic. There was a predominance of women (68.4%); and, 47.1% of the participants were between 31 and 45 years old. There was an increase in prevalence with increasing age. An inverse relationship was found for education level: more professionals with less education tested positive for COVID-19. The presence of an infected person living in the same household was significantly associated with positive results for COVID-19 among the professionals. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to report the seroprevalence of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 in Brazilian educational staff after the first wave of the disease. In this study, the seroprevalence was much lower than that in the general population. During school reopening, a small fraction of school workers showed serologically detectable signs of SARS-CoV-2 exposure.

Seroprevalence and factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among education workers after the first wave: the first cross-sectional study in Brazil

ABSTRACT Background: The school community was heavily impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic, especially with the long time of school closures. This study aimed to analyze the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and possible factors associated with seropositivity for COVID-19 in teachers and other school staff, and to estimate the fraction of asymptomatic individuals by sex and age group. Methods: We conducted a serological survey of SARS-CoV-2 infections. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Fortaleza, Brazil. Teachers and other staff members from pre-schools to universities of higher education to were investigated. Results: A total of 1,901 professionals participated in the study, of which 1,021 were staff and 880 were teachers. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was 8.0% (152/1901). In the seropositive group, 48.3% were asymptomatic. There was a predominance of women (68.4%); and, 47.1% of the participants were between 31 and 45 years old. There was an increase in prevalence with increasing age. An inverse relationship was found for education level: more professionals with less education tested positive for COVID-19. The presence of an infected person living in the same household was significantly associated with positive results for COVID-19 among the professionals. Conclusions: This is the first study to report the seroprevalence of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 in Brazilian educational staff after the first wave of the disease. In this study, the seroprevalence was much lower than that in the general population. During school reopening, a small fraction of school workers showed serologically detectable signs of SARS-CoV-2 exposure.

Congenital anomalies from the health surveillance perspective: compilation of a list based on ICD-10. / Anomalias congênitas na perspectiva da vigilância em saúde: compilação de uma lista com base na CID-10.

OBJECTIVE: To propose a list of congenital anomalies having corresponding codes in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10thRevision (ICD-10), with the aim of applying it in health surveillance. METHODS: In December 2019, the following data sources were searched: ICD-10; ICD-11; anomalies monitored by three surveillance programs; and a database of rare diseases (Orphanet). Anomalies were retrieved from these data sources, processed to check for correspondence with ICD-10 and reviewed manually to compile the list. RESULTS: 898 codes were identified, of which 619 (68.9%) were contained in ICD-10 Chapter XVII. Of the 279 codes contained in other chapters, 19 were exclusive to the ICD-11 search, 72 to the surveillance programs, 79 to Orphanet and 36 to the search for terms in ICD-10. CONCLUSION: The codes contained in ICD-10 Chapter XVII do not capture the totality of congenital anomalies, indicating the need to adopt an expanded list.

Congenital anomalies from the health surveillance perspective: compilation of a list based on ICD-10 / Anomalías congénitas desde la perspectiva de vigilancia de la salud: compilación de una lista basada en la CIE-10 / Anomalias congênitas na perspectiva da vigilância em saúde: compilação de uma lista com base na CID-10

Objective. Propose a list of congenital anomalies with corresponding codes in the tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), aiming at application in the scope of health surveillance. Methods. In December 2019, the following sources were searched: ICD-10, ICD-11, abnormalities monitored by three surveillance programs, and a database of rare diseases (Orphanet). The Abnormalities were extracted from these data sources, processed based on the ICD-10 and compiled with manual review. Results. 898 codes were identified, of which 619 (68.3%) were in Chapter XVII of ICD-10. Of the 279 codes in other chapters, 19 were exclusive of the ICD-11 search, 72 of the surveillance programs, 79 of the Orphanet and 36 of the ICD-10 search for terms. Conclusion. The codes contained in chapter XVII of ICD-10 do not capture the totality of congenital anomalies, indicating the need of adopting of an expanded list.

Objetivo. Propor uma lista de anomalias congênitas com códigos correspondentes na Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde ­ 10a Revisão (CID-10), visando aplicação no âmbito da vigilância em saúde. Métodos. Em dezembro de 2019, realizou-se busca nas seguintes fontes de dados: CID-10; CID-11; anomalias monitoradas por três modelos de vigilância; base de informações sobre doenças raras (Orphanet). Realizou-se extração das anomalias a partir dessas fontes, processamento para correspondência com base na CID-10 e compilação mediante revisão manual. Resultados. Foram identificados 898 códigos, dos quais 619 (68,3%) constavam no capítulo XVII da CID-10. Dos 279 códigos de outros capítulos, 19 foram exclusivos da busca na CID-11, 72 dos modelos de vigilância, 79 da Orphanet e 36 da busca de termos na CID-10. Conclusão. Os códigos que constam do capítulo XVII da CID-10 não captam a totalidade das anomalias congênitas, indicando a necessidade de adoção de uma lista ampliada.

COVID-19 in Brazil: evolution of the epidemic up until epidemiological week 20 of 2020. / COVID-19 no Brasil: evolução da epidemia até a semana epidemiológica 20 de 2020.

Objective to describe the evolution of COVID-19 in Brazil up until epidemiological week 20 of 2020. Methods this is an ecological study based on data and official documents from the Brazilian Ministry of Health and international organizations; comparisons were made between Brazil and other countries and incidence and mortality rates were calculated. Results by the end of epidemiological week 20, 233,142 cases, and 15,633 deaths had been confirmed for Brazil as a whole and 3,240 (58.2%) of the country's municipalities had reported at least one case; Brazil was at an earlier phase of the pandemic when compared to other countries, except Russia and Turkey, regarding cumulative cases, and except Canada regarding cumulative deaths; the highest rates were found in Brazil's Northern Region states, where Amazonas state had the highest incidence rates(4,474.6/1,000,000) and mortality rates (331.8/1,000,000). Conclusion Brazil is one of the countries with the highest number of confirmed cases and deaths, with marked regional differences.

International collaboration networks for the surveillance of congenital anomalies: a narrative review. / Redes internacionais de colaboração para a vigilância das anomalias congênitas: uma revisão narrativa.

Objective to identify international congenital anomaly surveillance collaboration networks, to list the programs that compose them and to compare their main characteristics. Methods this was a narrative literature review by means of a MEDLINE database search (via PubMed) and searches involving websites, reports and official documents. Results six international congenital anomaly surveillance collaboration networks were identified (ECLAMC, ICBDSR, EUROCAT, BINOCAR, SEAR-NBBD and ReLAMC), comprised of 98 programs present in 58 different countries on all continents, except Africa; the main characteristics regarding type of surveillance, coverage and location were discussed in a comparative manner. Conclusion international collaborative networks are important players for congenital anomaly surveillance, contributing to the understanding of the global epidemiological scenario of these conditions, in addition to acting both to strengthen individual existing programs and also to create surveillance initiatives in unassisted regions.

COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil: Where are we at?

OBJETIVE: To analyze the trends of COVID-19 in Brazil in 2020 by Federal Units (FU). METHOD: Ecological time-series based on cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 from March 11 to May 12. Joinpoint regression models were applied to identify points of inflection in COVID-19 trends, considering the days since the 50th confirmed case as time unit. RESULTS: Brazil reached its 50th confirmed case of COVID-19 in 11 March 2020 and, 63 days after that, on May 12, 177,589 cases had been confirmed. The trends for all regions and FU are upward. In the last segment, from the 31st to the 63rd day, Brazil presented a daily percentage change (DPC) of 7.3% (95%CI= 7.2;7.5). For the country the average daily percentage change (ADPC) was 14.2% (95%CI: 13.8;14.5). The highest ADPC values were found in the North, Northeast and Southeast regions. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, our results show that all FUs in Brazil present upward trends of COVID-19. In some FUs, the slowdown in DPC in the last segment must be considered with caution. Each FU is at a different stage of the pandemic and, therefore, non-pharmacological measures should be adopted accordingly.

COVID-19 in Brazil: advantages of a socialized unified health system and preparation to contain cases.

The outbreak of new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reported for the first time in Wuhan, China in late December 2019 have rapidly spread to other countries and it was declared on January 30, 2020 as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization. Before the first COVID-19 cases were reported in Brazil, several measures have been implemented including the adjustment of legal framework to carry out isolation and quarantine. As the cases increased significantly, new measures, mainly to reduce mortality and severe cases, have also been implemented. Rapid and robust preparedness actions have been undertaken in Brazil while first cases have not yet been identified in Latin-American. The outcome of this early preparation should be analyzed in future studies.

How Brazil can hold back COVID-19. / Como o Brasil pode deter a COVID-19.

This article presents the strategies and actions adopted by the Brazilian Ministry of Health to hold back COVID-19. The response to the disease was immediate and occurred prior to the first case being detected in Brazil. Provision of information and communication to the population and the press was adopted as a fundamental strategy for addressing the epidemic. Guidance provided to the population has been clear, stressing the importance of coronavirus transmission prevention measures. Efforts have been directed towards strengthening health surveillance and health care, as well as boosting research, development and innovation. Actions have targeted human resource training and expanding coverage afforded by the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). Protecting health workers is a priority. All SUS health workers, managers and directors are dedicated to preserving the health and life of each and every Brazilian citizen.

COVID-19 in Brazil: advantages of a socialized unified health system and preparation to contain cases

The outbreak of new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reported for the first time in Wuhan, China in late December 2019 have rapidly spread to other countries and it was declared on January 30, 2020 as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization. Before the first COVID-19 cases were reported in Brazil, several measures have been implemented including the adjustment of legal framework to carry out isolation and quarantine. As the cases increased significantly, new measures, mainly to reduce mortality and severe cases, have also been implemented. Rapid and robust preparedness actions have been undertaken in Brazil while first cases have not yet been identified in Latin-American. The outcome of this early preparation should be analyzed in future studies.

Anomalias congênitas na perspectiva da vigilância em saúde: compilação de uma lista com base na CID-10 / Anomalías congénitas desde la perspectiva de la vigilancia de la salud: compilación de una lista basada en la CIE-10 / Congenital anomalies from the health surveillance perspective: compilation of a list based on ICD-10

Objetivo: Propor uma lista de anomalias congênitas com códigos correspondentes na Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde - 10ᵃ Revisão (CID-10), visando a aplicação no âmbito da vigilância em saúde. Métodos: Em dezembro de 2019, realizou-se busca nas seguintes fontes de dados: CID-10; CID-11; anomalias monitoradas por três modelos de vigilância; base de informações sobre doenças raras (Orphanet). Realizou-se extração das anomalias a partir dessas fontes, processamento para correspondência com base na CID-10 e compilação mediante revisão manual. Resultados: Foram identificados 898 códigos, dos quais 619 (68,9%) constavam no capítulo XVII da CID-10. Dos 279 códigos de outros capítulos, 19 foram exclusivos da busca na CID-11, 72 dos modelos de vigilância, 79 da Orphanet e 36 da busca de termos na CID-10. Conclusão: Os códigos que constam do capítulo XVII da CID-10 não captam a totalidade das anomalias congênitas, indicando a necessidade de adoção de uma lista ampliada.

Objetivo: Proponer una lista de anomalías congénitas con códigos correspondientes en la décima revisión de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE), con el objetivo de su aplicación en el ámbito de la vigilancia de la salud. Métodos: En diciembre de 2019, se buscaron las siguientes fuentes: CIE-10; CIE-11; anomalías monitoreadas por tres modelos de vigilancia; y base de informaciones sobre enfermedades raras (Orphanet). Las anomalías se extrajeron de estas fuentes de datos, se procesó en base a la CIE-10 y se compiló con una revisión manual. Resultados: Se identificaron 898 códigos, de los cuales 619 (68,9%) estaban en el Capítulo XVII de la CIE-10. De los 279 códigos en otros capítulos, 19 fueron exclusivos de la búsqueda en la CIE-11, 72 de los modelos de vigilancia, 79 de Orphanet y 36 de la búsqueda de términos en la CIE-10. Conclusión: Los códigos contenidos en el capítulo XVII de la CIE-10 no capturan la totalidad de las anomalías congénitas, lo que indica la necesidad de adoptar una lista ampliada.

Objective: To propose a list of congenital anomalies having corresponding codes in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10thRevision (ICD-10), with the aim of applying it in health surveillance. Methods: In December 2019, the following data sources were searched: ICD-10; ICD-11; anomalies monitored by three surveillance programs; and a database of rare diseases (Orphanet). Anomalies were retrieved from these data sources, processed to check for correspondence with ICD-10 and reviewed manually to compile the list. Results: 898 codes were identified, of which 619 (68.9%) were contained in ICD-10 Chapter XVII. Of the 279 codes contained in other chapters, 19 were exclusive to the ICD-11 search, 72 to the surveillance programs, 79 to Orphanet and 36 to the search for terms in ICD-10. Conclusion: The codes contained in ICD-10 Chapter XVII do not capture the totality of congenital anomalies, indicating the need to adopt an expanded list.

Redes internacionais de colaboração para a vigilância das anomalias congênitas: uma revisão narrativa / Redes de colaboración internacional para la vigilancia de anomalías congénitas: una revisión narrativa / International collaboration networks for the surveillance of congenital anomalies: a narrative review

Objetivo: identificar as redes de colaboração internacional para vigilância das anomalias congênitas, elencar os programas que as compõem e comparar suas principais características. Métodos: revisão narrativa de literatura, mediante busca na base MEDLINE (via PubMed), em endereços on-line, relatórios e documentos oficiais. Resultados: foram identificadas seis redes de colaboração internacional para a vigilância de anomalias congênitas (ECLAMC, ICBDSR, EUROCAT, BINOCAR, SEAR-NBBD e ReLAMC), compostas por 98 programas presentes em 58 diferentes países de todos os continentes, exceto a África; as principais características quanto ao tipo de vigilância, cobertura e localização foram discutidas de modo comparativo. Conclusão: as redes colaborativas internacionais constituem importantes atores para a vigilância das anomalias congênitas, contribuindo com o entendimento do cenário epidemiológico global desses agravos, além de atuar tanto para o fortalecimento de programas individuais já existentes quanto para a criação de iniciativas de vigilância em regiões desassistidas.

Objetivo analizar la prevalencia de enfermedades respiratorias y diarrea en trabajadores de cooperativas de materiales reciclables en São Paulo, Brasil, y factores asociados. Métodos: estudio transversal en tres cooperativas, con datos recopilados por entrevistas estructuradas y medición de la concentración fungica ambiental; se usó la regresión de Poisson para estimar las razones de prevalencia (RP). Resultados: 156 personas fueron entrevistadas; la mayor prevalencia de asma, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) y diarrea se produjo en cooperativas con la mayor concentración fúngica total; se observó una mayor prevalencia ajustada de asma en la cooperativa A (RP=8,44 - IC95% 1,09;65,37) y diarrea en C (RP=2,09 - IC95% 1,11;3,94), en comparación con la cooperativa B; la mayor prevalencia de EPOC se observó en los fumadores y ex fumadores (RP=8,66 - IC95% 2,84;26,35). Conclusión: se deben adoptar medidas de control fúngica como prevención de enfermedades en cooperativas de materiales reciclables.

Objective: to identify international congenital anomaly surveillance collaboration networks, to list the programs that compose them and to compare their main characteristics. Methods: this was a narrative literature review by means of a MEDLINE database search (via PubMed) and searches involving websites, reports and official documents. Results: six international congenital anomaly surveillance collaboration networks were identified (ECLAMC, ICBDSR, EUROCAT, BINOCAR, SEAR-NBBD and ReLAMC), comprised of 98 programs present in 58 different countries on all continents, except Africa; the main characteristics regarding type of surveillance, coverage and location were discussed in a comparative manner. Conclusion: international collaborative networks are important players for congenital anomaly surveillance, contributing to the understanding of the global epidemiological scenario of these conditions, in addition to acting both to strengthen individual existing programs and also to create surveillance initiatives in unassisted regions.

COVID-19 no Brasil: evolução da epidemia até a semana epidemiológica 20 de 2020 / COVID-19 en Brasil: evolución de la epidemia hasta la semana epidemiológica 20 de 2020 / COVID-19 in Brazil: evolution of the epidemic up until epidemiological week 20 of 2020

Objetivo: descrever a evolução da COVID-19 no Brasil até a Semana Epidemiológica (SE) 20 de 2020. Métodos: estudo ecológico baseado em dados e documentos do Ministério da Saúde brasileiro e órgãos internacionais; foram realizadas comparações do Brasil com outros países e calculadas taxas de incidência e de mortalidade. Resultados: até o fim da SE 20, no país havia 233.142 casos, 15.633 óbitos confirmados e 3.240 (58,2%) dos municípios apresentavam pelo menos um caso; o Brasil estava em uma fase anterior da pandemia quando comparado aos demais países, exceto Rússia e Turquia, em casos acumulados, e Canadá, em óbitos acumulados; as maiores taxas foram encontradas em Unidades da Federação da Região Norte, com o Amazonas apresentando as maiores taxas de incidência (4.474,6/1 milhão) e mortalidade (331,8/1 milhão). Conclusão: o Brasil está entre os países com maiores números de casos e óbitos confirmados, exibindo notáveis diferenças regionais.

Objetivos: describir la evolución de COVID-19 en Brasil hasta la Semana Epidemiológica (SE) 20 de 2020. Métodos: estudio ecológico basado en datos y documentos del Ministerio de Salud Brasileño y organismos internacionales; se hicieron comparaciones entre Brasil y otros países y fueran calculadas las tasas de incidencia y mortalidad. Resultados: al final de la SE 20, en el país había 233.142 casos, 15.633 muertes confirmadas y 3.240 (58.2%) de los municipios tenían al menos un caso; Brasil se encuentra en una fase anterior de la pandemia en comparación con otros países, excepto Rusia y Turquía, para los casos acumulados y Canadá, en muertes acumuladas; las tasas más altas se encontraron en las Unidades Federativas en la Región Norte, con Amazonas con las tasas de incidencia más altas (4.474.6/1.000.000) y mortalidad (331.8/1.000.000). Conclusión: Brasil es uno de los países con el mayor número de casos y muertes, con notables diferencias regionales.

Objective: to describe the evolution of COVID-19 in Brazil up until epidemiological week 20 of 2020. Methods: this is an ecological study based on data and official documents from the Brazilian Ministry of Health and international organizations; comparisons were made between Brazil and other countries and incidence and mortality rates were calculated. Results: by the end of epidemiological week 20, 233,142 cases, and 15,633 deaths had been confirmed for Brazil as a whole and 3,240 (58.2%) of the country's municipalities had reported at least one case; Brazil was at an earlier phase of the pandemic when compared to other countries, except Russia and Turkey, regarding cumulative cases, and except Canada regarding cumulative deaths; the highest rates were found in Brazil's Northern Region states, where Amazonas state had the highest incidence rates(4,474.6/1,000,000) and mortality rates (331.8/1,000,000). Conclusion: Brazil is one of the countries with the highest number of confirmed cases and deaths, with marked regional differences.

Como o Brasil pode deter a COVID-19 / Cómo Brasil puede contener COVID-19 / How Brazil can hold back COVID-19

Resumo Este artigo apresenta as estratégias e ações adotadas pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil para deter a COVID-19. A resposta à doença foi imediata e anterior à detecção do primeiro caso no país. A informação e a comunicação para a população e a imprensa foram adotadas como estratégias fundamentais para o enfrentamento da epidemia. A orientação para a população tem sido clara, no sentido de reforçar a importância das medidas de prevenção da transmissão do coronavírus. Esforços foram direcionados para o fortalecimento da vigilância e da assistência à saúde, bem como para o fomento à pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação. Ações têm sido direcionadas à capacitação de recursos humanos e ampliação da cobertura do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A proteção aos trabalhadores da saúde é considerada prioritária. Todos os trabalhadores, gestores e dirigentes do SUS estão dedicados a preservar a saúde e a vida de cada brasileira e brasileiro.

Resumen Este artículo presenta las estrategias y las acciones adoptadas por el Ministerio de Salud de Brasil para detener el COVID-19. La respuesta a la enfermedad fue inmediata y anterior a la detección del primer caso en el país. La información y la comunicación para la población y la prensa fueron adoptadas como estrategias fundamentales para enfrentar la epidemia. La orientación a la población ha sido clara, en el sentido de reforzar la importancia de las medidas de prevención de la trasmisión del coronavirus. Se han dirigido esfuerzos al fortalecimiento de la vigilancia y de la asistencia a la salud, bien como al fomento de la investigación, el desarrollo y la innovación. También se han dirigido acciones a la capacitación de recursos humanos y a la ampliación de la cobertura del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). La protección a los trabajadores de la salud se considera prioritaria. Todos los trabajadores, gestores y dirigentes del SUS están dedicados a preservar la salud y la vida de cada brasileña y brasileño.

Abstract This article presents the strategies and actions adopted by the Brazilian Ministry of Health to hold back COVID-19. The response to the disease was immediate and occurred prior to the first case being detected in Brazil. Provision of information and communication to the population and the press was adopted as a fundamental strategy for addressing the epidemic. Guidance provided to the population has been clear, stressing the importance of coronavirus transmission prevention measures. Efforts have been directed towards strengthening health surveillance and health care, as well as boosting research, development and innovation. Actions have targeted human resource training and expanding coverage afforded by the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). Protecting health workers is a priority. All SUS health workers, managers and directors are dedicated to preserving the health and life of each and every Brazilian citizen.